NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Heredity and Evolution Aug 09, �� A major part of the Class 10 Science ch 9 NCERT Solutions is constituted by Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement the topic of Human Evolution. The Evolution of human beings is traced through excavations, fossils, time dating, and so on. The chapter 'Heredity and Evolution Class 10' talks Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement about how homo sapiens have evolved over the years. Do you need help with your Homework? Class 10 Students take help from NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution to study for their board examinations. In this chapter we will learn the mechanism by which variations are created and inherited. The Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement long-term consequences of the accumulation of variations are also an interesting point to be considered. Systematics deals with the classification of living beings on the basis of evolution. Thus, Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement evolution of organisms gives a hint about their position in classification system and vice versa. Hence, we can say that �evolution� and classification are two interlinked Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement areas of study. Q 6. Explain the terms analogous and homologous organs with.
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The rapid environmental changes cannot be favouable for them. If these changes are not controlled, tigers would be wiped out. What factors would lead to the rise of a new species? Answer: The factors that would lead to the rise of a new Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement species are the following :. Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of a self- pollinating plant species? Answer: The geographical isolation cannot be major factor Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant species because it does not have to look the plants for its process of reproduction to be carried out.

Will Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of an organism that reproduces asexually? Answer: Geographical isolation cannot be a major factor in the speciation of an Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement asexually reproducing organism because it does not require any other organism to carry out reproduction.

Give an example of characteristics being used to determine how close two Evolution Heredity And Class Ncert Solutions 10th Agreement species are in evolutionary terms. Answer: If similar characteristics are shown in different organisms, then these are considered to be inherited from the common ancestry. It also shows the closeness of the species. For example, bats and birds have some similarity in their wings, so they are closely related, while lizard and squirrel do not have wings so these are not closely related to the birds and bats.

Can the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat be considered homologous Agreement And 10th Ncert Heredity Evolution Solutions Class Ncert 10th Solutions Class Heredity And Evolution Agreement organs? Answer: The wings of a butterfly and the wings of a bat cannot be considered to be homologous organs because they have different basic designs 10th Ncert Heredity And Evolution And though they are used for the same purpose of flying. They are analogous organs. What are fossils? What do they tell us about the process of evolution?

Answer: Fossils : Fossils are the remains or traces of a dead organism. These are formed through the formation of sedimentary rocks. They provide following information on the process of evolution. Why are human beings who look so different from each other in terms of size, colour and looks said to belong to the same species?

Answer: This is because although genetic make up of humans may be slightly different in different races of people, there is no reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation differentiates one species from the other. Human beings different in size, colour and looks can marry among themselves and produce fertile offspring.

Answer: Bacteria is a primitive organism as they came into Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Heredity Ncert Class 10th Agreement Evolution Solutions And Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement being very early in evolution. But these organisms are still surviving in the present conditions after millions of years. This is because they have adapted well to the Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Evolution 10th Class And Ncert Solutions Heredity Agreement changing environment over these years. Same is the case for all other organisms like spiders, fishes and chimpanzees which have adapted to their environment and have survived.Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement

Therefore, all the organisms which exist have a body design which is better as it is suited to their environment. A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding tall pea Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement plants bearing violet flowers with short pea plants bearing white flowers.

The progeny all bore violet flowers, but almost half of them were short. In evolutionary terms, Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement we have more in common with : a a Chinese school-boy b a chimpanzee c a spider d a bacterium Answer: a A Chinese school-boy. A study found that Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement children with light coloured eyes are likely to have parents with light coloured eyes.

On this basis, can we say anything about whether the light eye colour trait is dominant or recessive? Answer: This information is not complete. On the basis of this, it cannot be decided light colour trait is dominant or recessive. So it cannot be said until one does not know the nature of this trait in the parents. Question 5. How are the areas of study-evolution and classification interlinked?

Justify this statement. Resemblances in organisms are because they have arisen from a common ancestor and differences in them are due to adaptations to different types of environment. Since the organisms can be graded in order of increasing complexity it indicates at the concept of evolution. Question 6. Explain the terms analogous and homologous organs with examples. For example, The wings of an insect and a bird are analogous organs.

Homologous organs : Those organs which have the same basic structure or same basic Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement design but different functions are called homologous organs. For example, The wing of a bat, flipper of a seal, front leg of a horse and arm of Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement a man are homologous organs. Question 7. Outline a project which aims to find the dominant coat colour in dogs. Answer: Suppose a black homozygous male is mated Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement with a white homozygous female.

If the progeny has all black dogs then the dominant coat colour is black. Question 8. Explain the importance of fossils in Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement deciding evolutionary relationships.

Answer: Fossils play important role in providing evolutionary evidences because by knowning the age of fossils we can know about the evolution process of an organism.

For example, a fossil bird called archaeopteryx that looked like a bird had many other features of reptiles. It had feathered wings like those of birds, but teeth and tail like those of reptiles. Archaeopteryx is, therefore, a connecting link between the reptiles and birds, and hence suggests that the birds have evolved from Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement the reptiles. Question 9. What evidence do we have for the origin of life from inanimate matter? Haldane at first in suggested that life is originated from inanimate matter.

According to him life must have developed from the simple inorganic molecules which were present at that time. Later, Miller and Urey in presented its evidences. They Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement assembled an apparatus to create an early earth atmosphere which was supposed to consist of gases like methane, ammonia and hydrogen sulphide, etc. At the end of Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement one week, it was found that about 15 per cent of carbon from methane had been converted into simple compounds and amino acids which make up protein molecules Solutions Evolution Ncert Class 10th Heredity And Agreement formed in living organisms.

This experiment provides the evidence that the life originated from inanimate matter or lifeless matter like inorganic molecules. Question Explain how sexual reproduction gives rise to more viable variations than asexual reproduction. How does this affect the evolution of those organisms that reproduce sexually? These variations are inherited and increase the chances of survival of an organism.

How is the equal genetic contribution of male and female parents ensured in the progeny? Gametes in the sexually reproducing organisms are Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Agreement Heredity Evolution 10th Solutions And Class formed by the process of meiosis during which half of the genetic material goes into each gamete.

When the gametes from male and female parents fuse with each other during sexual reproduction, the normal complement is restored. Half of the genetic material comes from the female and half from the male.

Only variations that confer Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement an advantage to an individual organism will survive in a population. Do you agree with this statement? Answer: Yes, variations that confer an advantage to an individual organism are inherited. The organism can survive longer in an environment and maintain its existence in the population.

Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science. Answer: Natural Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement selection selects the individuals having useful variations which ensure their survival in the prevailing conditions of environment. Variant individuals that can withstand or cope with prevailing environment will Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement survive better and will increase in number through differential reproduction. Answer: Mendel took pea plants with contrasting characteristics � tall plant and dwarf short plant.

On cross Agreement Heredity And Ncert Evolution Solutions Class 10th pollination, he got all tall plants in F1 generation. Then by self pollination of F1 tall plants, he produced second generation F2 consisting of tall and short plants Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement in the ratio of 3 : 1. Answer: In a dihybrid cross made by Mendel, it was observed that when two pairs of traits or characters were considered; Solutions Heredity 10th Agreement Ncert And Class Evolution Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement each trait expressed independent of the other. Thus, Mendel was able to propose the Law of Independent Assortment which says about independent inheritance of traits.

A man with blood group A marries a woman with blood O and their daughter has blood group O. Is this information enough to tell you which of the traits � Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement blood group A or O is dominant? Answer: No. This is because we do not know about the blood group of all the progeny. Hence, the information is incomplete to draw any such conclusion. Answer: The females carry two X-chromosomes. Males have one X and one Y- chromosome. Thus, female is homogametic and male is heterogametic. When a sperm carrying X- chromosome fertilises an egg, the zygote develops into female XX condition.

When sperm carrying Y-chromosome fertilises an egg, the zygote develops Class 10th And Agreement Heredity Solutions Ncert Evolution into a male XY condition. Thus, sex is determined at the time of Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Ch 6 Life Processes Science And fertilisation. Answer: Different ways are : variation, natural selection and genetic drift isolation. Why are traits acquired during the lifetime of an individual not inherited?

Answer: Because acquired characters bring changes only in non-reproductive tissues and cannot change the genes of the germ cells. The example of blue beetles in the chapter shows this. Since blue beetles could not be spotted by the crows hence more blue beetles could survive.

Sometimes, an accident can also lead to proliferation of a new trait in a population, as happened in the example of trampling of bushes by elephants. It can be said that sudden or gradual changes in the environment or some mutation in a species can lead to a particular trait being passed on through generations.

Why are Ncert Evolution Heredity Class 10th Solutions And Agreement traits acquired during the lifetime of an individual not inherited? Acquired traits do not bring any change in the genotype of an individual.

Hence, acquired traits do not get inherited. Why are the small numbers of surviving tigers a cause of worry from the point of view of genetics?

Small numbers of surviving tigers means Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement that a small gene pool of tigers is left. A smaller population reduces the chances of variations. A time may come when lack of useful variations may result in extinction of tigers. Hence, a small number of surviving tigers is a cause of worry from the point of view of genetics. What factors could lead Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement to the rise of a new species? Speciation can happen if two groups of the same species are somehow prevented from interbreeding for several generations. This can happen Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement because of geographical segregation or because of some genetic changes.

Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant species? In a Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement self-pollinating plant species, geographical segregation cannot be a major factor in speciation, because no new trait can become a part of the genotype in self-pollination plant species. However, there are some chances of some environmental changes which can lead to some variations.

Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of an organism that reproduces asexually? In case of an asexually reproducing organism, geographical isolation cannot be a major factory in speciation because meiosis does not take place during asexual reproduction. Give Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agree10th Class Solutions Agreement Heredity Ncert And Evolution Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement ment an example of characteristics being used to determine how close two species are in evolutionary terms. Let us take the example of humans and apes.

Both of them have similar body design. Body hair and mammary glands are present in both the animals. Hence, these two animals are closely related in evolutionary term.

Now take some common characters between a fish and a man. Vertebral column, brain box and jaws are present in both of them. But fish and man look entirely different from each other. Hence, they are not very closely related in evolutionary term; rather are like distant relatives. Can the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat be considered homologous organs? Wings of a butterfly are composed of chitinous membrane, while wings of a bat are composed of bony skeleton.

Hence, Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement these are not homologous organs rather analogous organs. What are fossils? What do they tell us about the process of evolution? The preserved remains of animals or plants or other organisms from the distant past are called fossils. These fossils tell us about many extinct animals and also give insights into how the evolution could Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement have taken place. Let us assume that one parent is homozygous black BB , while the other parent is homozygous brown bb gametes of black parent will be B,B and brown parent will be b,b.

In the F1 generation, all offsprings will be heterozygous Bb. Since black B is dominant, all the offsprings will be black. However, they will have both B and b alleles. By studying characters of fossils, we are able to find their descendants and thus we can know what new variations have come. They provide evidence and missing links between two classes. They are helpful in forming a sequence of organisms in the pathway of evolution. Thus, Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution AgreementNcert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement rong> fossils have an importance in deciding 10th Ncert Heredity And Evolution Value evolutionary relationship.

Haldane suggested that life must have developed from the simple inorganic molecules which were present on earth soon after it was formed. He speculated that the conditions on earth at that time could have given rise to more complex organic molecules that were necessary for life. The Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution AgreemNcert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement ent first primitive organisms would have evolved from further chemical synthesis. Later, Stanley L. Miller and Harold C. Urey conducted experiment to find out about the origin of Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement organic molecules.

They assembled an atmosphere similar to that thought to exist on early earth molecules like ammonia, methane and hydrogen sulphide, but no oxygen over water. This was maintained at a temperature just below o C and sparks were passed through the mixture of gases to stimulate lightning. This is how life originated from Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement inanimate matter. Sexual reproduction gives rise to more viable variations than asexual reproduction because the genes of the traits are transmitted from one generation to another and dominant characters are expressed.

While in the asexual reproduction, genes cannot be separated from the offspring, only the DNA of one parent is copied. By this process, more Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Solutions Agreement 10th Heredity Evolution And Class and more variations are produced in the subsequent generationS. In this way, genetic drift will accumulate which causes the formation of new species. Concept insight: Recall the importance Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction.

Enter the OTP sent to your number Change. Resend OTP. Starting early can help you score better! Avail Offer. Ok Cancel. Ok Choose Chapter. Ok Choose Topic. Yes No. Choose Subjects. Choose Chapters. Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution Exercise Solution 1. Concept insight: List the advantages of variations. Concept Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement insight: Recall Mendel's law of inheritance. Mendel conducted a dihybrid cross. He got the following result: i Round yellow - 9 ii Round green - Class Ncert Heredity Agreement Solutions Evolution And 10th 3 iii Wrinkled yellow - 3 iv Wrinkled green- 1 From the following result, it can be concluded that genes controlling different characters are not linked.

Concept insight: Recall Mendel's second law of inheritance. Concept insight: Class 10th Science Chapter 3 Ncert Solutions And Recall types of chromosomes in human beings.

The population of individuals with particular traits may increase in the following Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement ways: i By the natural selection of variations brought during the course of time. Concept insight: Important from Exam Point of View.

Factors responsible for the rise Ncert Solutions Class 10th Heredity And Evolution Agreement of a new species are: i Genetic variation ii Natural selection iii Genetic drift. Concept insight: List the causes of variations. Fossils are dead remains may be a part of the organism or the whole organism of plants and animals that existed on earth millions of years ago.

Example: Archaeopteryx connecting link between reptiles and birds.

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